Produktivnost hrvatskih psihologa: scientometrijska analiza mreže suradnji na radovima indeksiranim u bazi WoS 1991-2010

Svrha rada je opisati produktivnost i međusobnu suradnju registriranih znanstvenika iz područja psihologije u Hrvatskoj (N = 241). Podaci o objavljenim radovima preuzeti su iz citatne baze WoS (Web of Science) za 169 znanstvenika u razdoblju od 1991. do 2010. godine. U skupu dobivenih radova (882 radova) provedena je analiza produktivnosti i koautorstva. Dobiveni rezultati o visokoj proporciji višeautorskih radova i nepostojanju spolnih razlika u produktivnosti u skladu su s nalazima u literaturi. Za analizu međusobne suradnje korištena je metoda analiza mreža (engl. social network analysis). Obrađeni su indikatori koji proizlaze iz tog pristupa i opisuju mrežu (gustoća i najveća komponenta) kao i poziciju pojedinca unutar mreže (mjere centralnosti: stupanj centralnosti, međupovezanost i blizina, te artikulacijski čvorovi i nepovezani članovi). Utvrdili smo da su dobiveni indikatori umjereno do visoko povezani s produktivnošću znanstvenika. Radi uvida u razvoj mreže suradnje provedena je analiza karakteristika mreže kroz vrijeme. Zaključujemo da analiza mreže pruža korisne prediktore znanstvene produktivnosti i dodatne informacije o međusobnoj suradnji članova mreže. Za cjelovitiji uvid u suradnju buduća istraživanja bi trebala uzimati u obzir i druge oblike suradnje te nadopuniti nacrte istraživanja relevantnim varijablama poput zadovoljstva poslom i organizacijske klime. Rezultati se mogu iskoristiti pri planiranju, organizaciji i evaluaciji znanstvene djelatnosti. (IN ENGLISH: The purpose of the research is to describe the productivity and cooperation of registered scientists in the field of Psychology in Croatia (N = 241) based on journal publications indexed in the Web of science (WoS) in the time period 1991-2010. A total of 882 publications were found for 169 authors and authorship and co-authorship were analysed. Productivity data is presented on a descriptive level. The results show a high proportion of multi-author works and a lack of gender differences in productivity which is in agreement with the current literature. For the analysis of cooperation, we used social network analysis methodology including analysis of the network through four separate time periods. Indicators describing both the network (density, largest component) and the position of nodes (authors) in the network (centrality measures: degree centrality, betweenness, closeness, articulation points and singles) were calculated and found do be in a medium to highly correlation with author productivity. We conclude that network analysis provides useful productivity predictors and additional insight into cooperation among members. For a more complete cooperation analysis, future research should also encompass other forms of cooperation as well as use additional relevant variables such as job satisfaction and organisational climate. The results may be useful for the planning, organisation and evaluation of scientific efforts.

The productivity of Croatian psychologists: A scientometric analysis of network cooperation on works indexed in the WoS database from 1991 to 2010

Svrha rada je opisati produktivnost i međusobnu suradnju registriranih znanstvenika iz područja psihologije u Hrvatskoj (N = 241). Podaci o objavljenim radovima preuzeti su iz citatne baze WoS (Web of Science) za 169 znanstvenika u razdoblju od 1991. do 2010. godine. U skupu dobivenih radova (882 radova) provedena je analiza produktivnosti i koautorstva. Dobiveni rezultati o visokoj proporciji višeautorskih radova i nepostojanju spolnih razlika u produktivnosti u skladu su s nalazima u literaturi. Za analizu međusobne suradnje korištena je metoda analiza mreža (engl. social network analysis). Obrađeni su indikatori koji proizlaze iz tog pristupa i opisuju mrežu (gustoća i najveća komponenta) kao i poziciju pojedinca unutar mreže (mjere centralnosti: stupanj centralnosti, međupovezanost i blizina, te artikulacijski čvorovi i nepovezani članovi). Utvrdili smo da su dobiveni indikatori umjereno do visoko povezani s produktivnošću znanstvenika. Radi uvida u razvoj mreže suradnje provedena je analiza karakteristika mreže kroz vrijeme. Zaključujemo da analiza mreže pruža korisne prediktore znanstvene produktivnosti i dodatne informacije o međusobnoj suradnji članova mreže. Za cjelovitiji uvid u suradnju buduća istraživanja bi trebala uzimati u obzir i druge oblike suradnje te nadopuniti nacrte istraživanja relevantnim varijablama poput zadovoljstva poslom i organizacijske klime. Rezultati se mogu iskoristiti pri planiranju, organizaciji i evaluaciji znanstvene djelatnosti.The purpose of the research is to describe the productivity and cooperation of registered scientists in the field of Psychology in Croatia (N = 241) based on journal publications indexed in the Web of science (WoS) in the time period 1991-2010. A total of 882 publications were found for 169 authors and authorship and co-authorship were analysed. Productivity data is presented on a descriptive level. The results show a high proportion of multi-author works and a lack of gender differences in productivity which is in agreement with the current literature. For the analysis of cooperation, we used social network analysis methodology including analysis of the network through four separate time periods. Indicators describing both the network (density, largest component) and the position of nodes (authors) in the network (centrality measures: degree centrality, betweenness, closeness, articulation points and singles) were calculated and found do be in a medium to highly correlation with author productivity. We conclude that network analysis provides useful productivity predictors and additional insight into cooperation among members. For a more complete cooperation analysis, future research should also encompass other forms of cooperation as well as use additional relevant variables such as job satisfaction and organisational climate. The results may be useful for the planning, organisation and evaluation of scientific efforts

Karakteristike hrvatske nacionalne i međunarodne znanstvene produkcije u društveno-humanističkim znanostima i umjetničkom području za razdoblje 1991-2005

Ova knjiga pokušaj je dobivanja što cjelovitije slike stanja produktivnosti hrvatskih znanstvenika iz društveno-humanističkih znanosti i umjetničkog područja u razdoblju od 1991. do 2005. godine. Pod pojmom cjelovitosti podrazumijevamo obuhvaćenost gotovo svih vrsta u Hrvatskoj objavljenih publikacija klasificiranih kao potencijalno znanstvenih, kao i radova objavljenih u međunarodnim časopisima indeksiranim u, najčešće za ove svrhe korištenoj, citatnoj i bibliografskoj bazi WoS (Web of Science). Istraživanjem su obuhvaćeni svi registrirani aktivni znanstvenici uključujući i znanstvene novake. Za radove koji su indeksirani u bazi WoS, kao pokazatelj prepoznatljivosti i odjeka radova kojima je barem jedan autor bio iz Hrvatske, istražena je i citiranost

Croatian scientific productivity and visibility in the field of biology measured by journals indexed in WoS 1991–2005

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this research was to establish the characteristics and the trends of scientific activity in the field of biology in Croatia, using scientometric analysis of scientific papers published in biology journals indexed in WoS-SCI Expanded database for the period of 1991 to 2005. The results could serve as useful tool in defining a more acceptable model for the evaluation and stimulation of scientific work, as well as in highlighting possible directions for the development of biological sciences in Croatia. Materials and Methods: The research sample consisted of 2,099 scientific papers which had a Croatian address, published in 342 biology journals indexed in WoS-SCI Expanded database from 1991 to 2005. The characteristics of scientific productivity and scientific impact, measured using citation analysis, were analysed in the field of biology as a whole, as well as in the various biological disciplines. The journal’s status was determined using its IF from the JCR Science Edition database for 2005. As additional indicators, trends in co-authorship as well as international cooperation were determined. Results and Conclusions: The evaluation of scientific work in the field of biology should be adapted to the specificities of scientific publishing in various biological disciplines. The number of papers in different disciplines varied considerably, as well as the average number of citation per paper and the average number of authors per paper. In the field of biology as a whole, on average 7.3 citations per paper and 4.1 authors per paper were observed. The majority of papers (90%) were co-authored publications. 32.2% of published papers were co-authored with a foreign institution. 7.7% of papers were published in the most prestigious journals by IF (the \u27\u27top 10%\u27\u27 journals). Those papers published in the \u27\u27top 10%\u27\u27 journals which were co-authored with a foreign institution obtained the highest impact (16.8 citations per paper)

Networks of reliable reputations and cooperation: a review

Reputation has been shown to provide an informal solution to the problem of cooperation in human societies. After reviewing models that connect reputations and cooperation, we address how reputation results from information exchange embedded in a social network that changes endogenously itself. Theoretical studies highlight that network topologies have different effects on the extent of cooperation, since they can foster or hinder the flow of reputational information. Subsequently, we review models and empirical studies that intend to grasp the coevolution of reputations, cooperation and social networks. We identify open questions in the literature concerning how networks affect the accuracy of reputations, the honesty of shared information and the spread of reputational information. Certain network topologies may facilitate biased beliefs and intergroup competition or in-group identity formation that could lead to high cooperation within but conflicts between different subgroups of a network. Our review covers theoretical, experimental and field studies across various disciplines that target these questions and could explain how the dynamics of interactions and reputations help or prevent the establishment and sustainability of cooperation in small- and large-scale societies

Networks of reliable reputations and cooperation: a review

Reputation has been shown to provide an informal solution to the problem of cooperation in human societies. After reviewing models that connect reputations and cooperation, we address how reputation results from information exchange embedded in a social network that changes endogenously itself. Theoretical studies highlight that network topologies have different effects on the extent of cooperation, since they can foster or hinder the flow of reputational information. Subsequently, we review models and empirical studies that intend to grasp the coevolution of reputations, cooperation and social networks. We identify open questions in the literature concerning how networks affect the accuracy of reputations, the honesty of shared information and the spread of reputational information. Certain network topologies may facilitate biased beliefs and intergroup competition or in-group identity formation that could lead to high cooperation within but conflicts between different subgroups of a network. Our review covers theoretical, experimental and field studies across various disciplines that target these questions and could explain how the dynamics of interactions and reputations help or prevent the establishment and sustainability of cooperation in small- and large-scale societies

The role of impulsivity and delay discounting in student compliance with COVID-19 protective measures

During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, governments set recommendations and restrictions that have given rise to new situations that require residents to deliberate and respond nonautomatically. For highly impulsive individuals, dealing with these situations may be harder, as they tend to deliberate less about the consequences of their behaviors. In this study, we investigate the relationship between impulsivity and delay discounting on the one hand and compliance with COVID-19 restrictions on the other hand. We distinguish between compliance with social distancing measures and compliance with hygiene measures. Regression analyses of an international sample of 6759 students from seven European countries reveal that the self-reported personality construct of impulsivity is negatively related to both types of compliance behavior. However, and unexpectedly, we also find a weak positive association between the discount rate—as measured by a behavioral task—and compliance. Our study highlights the importance of individual differences in impulsivity in regard to compliance with public health measures during a pandemic

Hygiene and Social Distancing as Distinct Public Health Related Behaviours Among University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Prevailing research on individuals’ compliance with public health related behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic tends to study composite measures of multiple types of behaviours, without distinguishing between different types of behaviours. However, measures taken by governments involve adjustments concerning a range of different daily behaviours. In this study, we seek to explain students’ public health related compliance behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic by examining the underlying components of such behaviours. Subsequently, we investigate how these components relate to individual attitudes towards public health measures, descriptive norms among friends and family, and key demographics. We surveyed 7,403 university students in ten countries regarding these behaviours. Principal Components Analysis reveals that compliance related to hygiene (hand washing, coughing behaviours) is uniformly distinct from compliance related to social distancing behaviours. Regression analyses predicting Social Distancing and Hygiene lead to differences in explained variance and type of predictors. Our study shows that treating public health compliance as a sole construct obfuscates the dimensionality of compliance behaviours, which risks poorer prediction of individuals’ compliance behaviours and problems in generating valid public health recommendations. Affecting these distinct behaviours may require different types of interventions

Analiza mreže suradnje znanstvenika iz tri polja društvenih znanosti od 1992. do 2012.

Istraživanje znanstvene suradnje se u ovom radu temelji na integrativnom pristupu koji predstavlja sintezu spoznaja i teorija iz različitih znanstvenih disciplina: organizacijske psihologije i psihologije znanosti, te novijeg pristupa znanosti o mrežama. Suradnja je definirana kao zajedničko koautorstvo na radovima koji su prikupljeni iz dvije vrste izvora: međunarodnih izvora (baze WoS i Scopus) i nacionalnog izvora (autorske knjige iz online NSK kataloga) za vremenski period od 1992 do 2012 godine. Podaci su prikupljeni za znanstvenike iz tri polja društvenih znanosti: psihologije (N=241), sociologije (N=196) i odgojnih znanosti (N=481). Nakon prikupljenih bibliografskih podataka o radovima od ukupno 918 znanstvenika, dobivena je jedinstvena baza podataka. Na temelju prikupljenih 4 769 radova iz tri izvora za sve znanstvenike opisan je obrazac suradnje za svako od polja i utvrđene su disciplinarne razlike u najčešće korištenim mjerama znanstvenog učinka: stopa produktivnosti i h- indeksu. Preliminarne analize ukazuju da u društvenim znanostima, znanstvenici istraživanja u pravilu provode u timovima i o njima izvještavaju u više-autorskim znanstvenim publikacijama. U ključnom dijelu rada je primijenjena metodologija mrežnog pristupa (analize društvenih mreža) za ispitivanje obrazaca suradnje s dva cilja: (1) opisivanja strukture i svojstva mreže suradnje za tri polja koristeći pokazatelje strukture mreže - makrorazina ; (2) utvrđivanja koliko su karakteristike suradnje znanstvenika povezane s mjerama znanstvenog učinka - mikrorazina. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da mreže koautorstva svih polja imaju strukturu malog svijeta koju opisuje visok stupanj grupiranja i kratka prosječna udaljenost puta u odnosu na slučajne mreže. Distribucije stupnjeva unutar svih polja su nerazmjerne što ukazuje i na postojanje mehanizma preferencijalnog povezivanja. Mrežne varijable korištene u ovom radu svrstane su u tri kategorije s obzirom na vrstu utjecaja koju ispituju i metodološku kompleksnost: lokalne mjere (stupanj centralnosti u mreži svog polja i broj veza s znanstvenicima izvan polja), mjere ego mreža (maksimalna snaga veze, indeks utjecaja veza i efektivna veličina) i globalne mjere (međupovezanost i blizina). Hijerarhijskom regresijskom analizom je utvrđeno da uvođenje kompleksnijih mjera značajno povećava objašnjenje varijance u stopi produktivnosti. Mrežne varijable zajednički objašnjavaju visoki postotak varijance u stopi produktivnosti i h- indeksu (63, 5% ; 62, 5%). Njihov doprinos ostaje visok i nakon kontroliranja nekih sociodemografskih i karijernih varijabli, a nakon kontroliranja prijašnje produktivnosti doprinose s 4, 3% objašnjene varijance. Zaključuje se da su karakteristike suradnje snažno povezane s mjerama uspješnosti u znanosti. Teorijski doprinos je sinteza novih teorijskih pristupa u objašnjavanju radne uspješnosti pomoću koncepta društvenog kapitala i teorije mrežnih prednosti. Praktični doprinos rada je bolje razumijevanje mjera radnog učinka koje se koriste u vrednovanju znanstvenika i njihove povezanosti sa suradnjom. Najvažniji je metodološki doprinos rada: primjena analize društvenih mreža